|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 (1) Addition |
| (A) 3 + 1 = 4 | ||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
|
(1) |
C1: 3 brown beads - use thumb |
|||||
|
(2) |
C1: add 1 === 1 red bead Pt LP - use thumb |
|||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 4 |
||||||
| (B) 3 + 6 = 9 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | C1: 3 brown beads - use thumb |
|||||
| (2) | C1: add 6 === 1 red bead Pt UP - use forefinger === 1 red bead Pt LP - use thumb |
|||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 9 |
||||||
| (C) 4 + 4 = 8 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | C1: 4 brown beads - use thumb |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C1: add 4 === 1 red bead Pt UP - use forefinger (= 5) === 1 red bead Af LP - use forefinger (subtract 1) |
|||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 8 |
||||||
|
|
| (D) 8 + 7 = 15 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) |
C1: 8 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C1: add 7 === 2 red bead Pt LP - use thumb === 1 red bead Pt UP (= 5) - use forefinger, now C1 = 15 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| === C1: 5 bead Af LP - use forefinger === C1: 1 bead Af UP - use thumb |
||||||
| === C2: 1 bead, Pt LP - use thumb |
||||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 15 |
||||||
| (E) 91 + 5 = 96 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) |
C2 = 9, C1 = 1 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C1: add 5 === 1 bead Pt UP - use forefinger |
|||||
Result = 96 |
||||||
 |
|
| (F) 5,628 + 1,151 = 6,779 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) |
5,628 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | Add 1,151 === C4 add 1 === C3 add 1 === C2 add 5 === C1 add 1 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 6,779 |
||||||
| (G) 6,122 + 1,758 = 7,880 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | 6,122 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | Add 1,758 C4 add 1 === 1 bead Pt LP C3 add 7 === 1 bead Pt UP, 2 beads Pt LP C2 add 5 === 1 bead Pt UP C1 add 8 === 1 bead Pt UP, 3 beads Pt LP, now C1 = 10 units |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (3) | === C1: 5 beads Af LP, 1 bead Af UP |
|||||
| (4) | === C2: 1 bead Pt LP |
|||||
Result = 7,880 |
||||||
 |
|
| (H) 6,647 + 1,868 = 8,515 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | 6,647 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C4: add 1 === 1 bead Pt LP |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (3) | C3: add 8 === 1 bead Pt UP === 3 beads Pt LP |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (4) | === C3: 2 beads (= 10 units) Af UP (10 units = 1 LP bead in next column C4) |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (5) | === C4: 1 bead Pt LP |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (6) | C2: add 6 === 1 bead Pt UP, 1 bead Pt LP |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (7) | === C2: 1 bead Af UP, 5 beads Af LP (10 units = 1 LP bead in next column C3) |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| === C3: 1 bead Pt LP |
||||||
|
|
||||||
| (8) | === C3: 5 beads Af LP, 1 bead Pt UP (5 units in LP = 1 unit in UP) |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (9) | C1: add 8 === 1 beads in Pt UP, 3 beads Pt LP |
|||||
|
|
||||||
|
(10) |
=== C1: 1bead Af UP, 5 beads Af LP, 1 bead Pt LP in C2 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 8,515 |
||||||
All procedures together |
||||||
| (2) Subtraction |
| (A) 54 - 17 = 37 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | C2: 5, C1: 4 54 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C2: 5 - 1 = 4 === 1 bead Af UP |
|||||
|
|
||||||
=== 4beads Pt LP |
||||||
|
|
||||||
| (3) | C1: 4 - 7 === 4 is not enough to subtract 7, hence borrow 1 unit (= 10) from C2 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| === C1: = 14 |
||||||
|
|
||||||
=== 14 - 7 = 7 |
||||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 37 |
||||||
All procedures together |
||||||
 |
|
| (B) 94 - 28 = 66 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | C2 = 9, C1 = 4 94 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C2: 9 - 2 is 7 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (3) | C1: 4 - 8 === 4 is not enough to subtract 8, hence borrow 1 unit (= 10) from C2 |
|||||
| (4) | === C2: 7 - 1 = 6 |
|||||
| (5) | === C1: 14 - 8 = 6 |
|||||
|
|
||||||
Result = 66 |
||||||
 |
|
| (C) 9,699 - 6,647 = 3,052 |
||||||
| Procedures: |
||||||
| (1) | C4 = 9 C3 = 6 C2 = 9 C1 = 9 9,699 brown beads |
|||||
|
|
||||||
| (2) | C4: 9 Subtract 6 = 3 |
|||||
| (3) | C3: 6 Subtract 6 = 0 |
|||||
| (4) | C2: 9 Subtract 4 = 5 |
|||||
| (5) | C1: 9 Subtract 7 = 2 |
|||||
Result = 3,052 |
||||||
|
Have Fun! |
|
|
|
|
